在前一期介绍中，我们学习了虚拟语气，虚拟语气的学习掌握不仅是在客观题中不出错，在平常的英文写作中也可运用上，丰富写作句式，提升写作水平，所以大家可以适当地练习在写作中运用虚拟语气。今天我们要学习另一个语法点—独立主格，这部分也是可以运用到写作中的！

 

【1.独立结构的构成】

只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，我们才能用独立结构。独立结构只用做状语，多用于书面语言。常见的独立结构有以下几种：

(一) 名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)：

1、 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)

2 、He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)

(二)名词/代词+形容词：

1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)

2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)

(三)名词/代词+副词：

1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)

2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明)

(四)名词/代词+介词(短语)

1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)

2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)

 

【2.独立结构在句子中的作用】

独立结构在句子中只能做状语，这种结构可以用来：

(一)表示时间：

His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.

(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)

(二)表示原因：

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.

(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )

(三)表示条件：

Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.

(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)

(四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况：

They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.

(五)表示补充说明：

He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.

(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)

 

【3.独立变格的变化】

在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”

1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?

 

　　——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.

 

　　A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done

 

2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.

 

独立主格的学习对于大家备考2023大英赛的阅读完型还是很有帮助的，能够更快速地区分句子主干，了解句意。但这部分的理解也是需要花费时间的，所以大家一定要在学习中时刻思考这样的句型，如果在做题中碰到，也可以标记出来，加深理解！

 

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