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完形填空题的难度与语法、词汇、阅读和写作都有着千丝万缕的联系。完形填空题综合了词汇、结构以及卖理解部分的测试内容。它不仅考查考生在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，同时还考查考生在语篇上综运用语言的能力。完形填空题所涉及的语言知识面广、综合性强、灵活度大，具有一定的难度。

完形填空试题考查趋势由局部理解向整体理解转移：①设问角度突出考查对整句话或对上下文乃至全篇理解；②增加了语篇理解的试题。不再单纯考查基础语法知识，而是更多地考查文句之间的关联和行文逻辑的理。

完形填空试题命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”，体现“突出全篇”的命题思想。考查目标成梯度分层，由“点”的考查到“线”的考查，即考查考生对文段语境的理解能力，再到“面”的考查,即考查考生对文章内容进行逻辑分析和推理判断的能力。要求考生把握上下文、上下段内在关联和连贯意义的理解，只有在做好了“点”“线”的基础上才能做好“面”的题。

【题型解读】

完形填空题的考查形式多样，而全国大学生英语竞赛中完形填空题的题型为主观形式。2024年竞赛的完形填空题分为两个部分：第一部分设题为“从所给的7个词语中选出5个，并用其适当形式填空”；第二部分即试题篇章里包含了三种考查形式：根据所给字母补全单词；用给出词的适当形式填空；根据上下文自由选词填空。全国大学生英语竞赛完形填空第一部分设5个空，每空1分，计5分；第二部分设5个空，每空1分，计5分。

【答题策略】

做完形填空题可遵循以下几点：

1. 先通读一遍全文,抓住文章的大意(main idea)或称中心思想(controllingidea)这一思想一般包含在由段首主题句、段尾结束语以及各种重复出现的词语交织而成的信息网之中。对于那些与上下文关系很小的句内题，如大多数语法和一些词汇搭配题,可边读边填。

2. 对于需要推敲的单词,一定要紧密联系上下文,从多方面仔细推敲,还应该充分考虑上下文的语境。

3. 考生在完成填空后,应再读一遍文章,检查还原后的文章是否完整、合理、流畅。

【典型题例】

Section A

Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of 5 words or phrases out of the 7 given in the box. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.

[carry out, take over, explain, capable, drop out of, grateful,  particular]

When adults praise a child for trying, despite unacceptable work, they teach that the act of attending is more important than the results.  I once 1. (      ) a class in the middle of a term from a teacher who was a generous maker. After I had returned a batch of marked papers, one boy complained about receiving a “C”. “I'm used to getting A's," he said. When I 2. (      ) that his essay was badly organized, he asked, “What about the pictures? Our other teacher gave extra marks for effort.”

Real life seldom rewards those who try but don’t get results. And it’s a rare boss who tolerates an employee insists that he did his best. Unmerited praise may keep children from gaining their own true 3. (      ) .

Years ago, my best friend was a naturally gifted musician. Her family saw every effort as “brilliant” but hated practicing and often did badly at recitals. After one 4. (      ) embarrassing performance, her mother said, “You were wonderful, but that piano needs tuning and the audience was noisy, so it's no wonder you forgot the second movement.” Had this girl received criticism, she might have realized her dreams of becoming a concert pianist. As it was, her playing got gradually worse. And she lost interest and eventually 5. (      ) music school.

Section B

Please read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word in one ofthe following three ways: according to the context, by using the correctform ofthe given word,or byusing the given letter(s)ofthe word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.

The Penny Black is the name of the world’s first postage stamp.It was 6. (      ) (introduce) in the UK in 1840 and is perhaps the most famous stamp ever issued. It has a picture of the young Queen Victoria and because color and its price of one penny, it is known as the “Penny Black”.

Before 1840, postage rates for delivery of letters in the UK depended on the distance the letter had to travel and the number of sheets of paper used. At that time the postage had to be paid by the receiver rather than by the sender of the letter. The Penny Black changed everything: at the rate of one penny, letters that did not weigh more than half an ounce could be sent to any 7. des (      ) in the UK.

Nowadays, the Penny Black stamps are not all that rare although they are 8.h (      ) regarded by stamp collectors, About 68 million of these stamps were issued between 1840 and 1841, and it is thought that about 1.5 million of these still exist today. The price of the stamp today 9. (      ) (vary) according to whether it has been used or not and its condition. A fine used copy can be bought for around 77 pounds or less, while unused examples are quite rare and sell for 2,000 pounds or more.

To honor the UK for having issued the world’s first postage stamp, the Universal Postal Union has made exception 10. (      ) (regard) its law that the name of the country must appear on a stamp. No British stamp date has ever had the country name on it.

 

【参考答案】

1. took over；2. explained；3. capabilities；4. particularly; 5. dropped out of; 6. introduced; 7. destination; 8. highly; 9. varies; 10. regarding
    

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