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全国翻译大赛初赛英语真题解析来了!

发帖时间:2023-03-15 17:52 点击次数:

 
赛事题型
英语初赛试卷满分为100分,时间为60分钟,共3种题型50道题,口译、笔译全部为客观题。参赛选手不得使用任何纸质词典、电子词典和工具书。

 
真题解析
01单项选择
题干为英文或中文句子,要求考生基于翻译道德常识、词汇语法知识及翻译基础,辨析词汇、词组和句子,从每题所给的4个选项中选出正确选项。
1. If the translation assignment you have been given contains a lot of specialized technical terms of which you don’t have adequateknowledge, you should ________.
A.use plain language to circumvent the so-called “hard part”
B.try to find alternative expressions to represent such terms
C.do some research, consult specialists in this area and reference materials for better knowledge and proper terminologies before starting to do the translation
D.negotiate with your client and ask him/her what to do
【解析】
本题考查译员职业道德准则与行为规范。根据中国翻译协会于2019年发布的《译员职业道德准则与行为规范》中的译员职业道德准则第三条“忠实传译”,译员应准确理解并忠实于传译源语信息,不宜根据自己的意愿或观点进行修饰或增删等更改。A选项“使用通俗语言,回避所谓的难点”和B选项(试图寻找其他说法来表示这类术语)均不符合“忠实传译”的标准。D选项(与客户协商,询问对方该如何处理)的做法过于消极,未能发挥译员的主观能动性。由于翻译工作涉及大量专业领域,译员在执行翻译任务过程中,会不可避免地接触到大量专业性较强的文件,例如科技、法律、医学、工程类文件。一位合格的译员不仅需要具备扎实的语言功底,还要了解不同领域的专业知识。此外,对专业资料的搜集和查证能力,也属于译员的基本素养。当遇到不够熟悉的领域,或者专业性过于深入时,译员应当做好充分的译前准备,主动了解学习专门知识,请教专业人士,务必确保将专业术语翻译到位,方便译文读者的理解。因此,C选项正确。
2. ______for the fact that she broke her arm, Shirley might have passed the exam.
A.Had it not been
B.Hadn’t it been
C.Was it not
D.Were it not
【解析】
本题为语法判断题,考查的重点是虚拟语气的倒装句。从后半句Shirley might have passed the exam可以判断出,该句为虚拟条件句,并且表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句法结构为:(从句)if+主语+had done,(主句)主语+should/would/might/could+have done。其中,如果从句中含有were,should,had等动词,可将if省略,同时将were,should,had等词移至句首,因此原本的从句If it had not been the fact that...就倒装为Had it not been the fact that...,故选A项。参考译文:要不是因为雪梨的手臂骨折,她可能已经通过了考试。
3. Now China tries to keep her population ______ by encouraging married couples of childbearing age to have three kids.
A.number
B.quantity
C.size
D.amount
【解析】
本题考查词义搭配。四个选项均可表示“数量”,但用法却略有差异。number指人或物的数目,强调数的概念;quantity指事物的总量和总数量,侧重大批计量,含准确测量的意味;amount强调整体,指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数;size的基本意思是“大小”,可指尺寸、规模、身材等,也可指号码、尺码,与population搭配时,指人口规模。结合语境,选择C选项。参考译文:中国现在尝试鼓励育龄夫妇生育三个孩子,以保持人口规模。
 
4. Failure to fulfill the membership requirements listed in the agreement ______ him from thefootballclub.
A.discharged
B.dismissed
C.disqualified
D.disfavored
【解析】
本题考查词义辨析。A选项discharge的主要释义为“准许某人离开;释放;解雇”等,B选项dismiss意为“解雇,免除,开除”,C选项disqualify意为“取消资格,使不合格”,D选项disfavor为名词,意为“不赞成;冷待;反对”。结合题干“failure to fulfill the membership requirements”(没有达到会员要求),可以判断只有C选项符合语义。参考译文:因为没有达到协议中列出的会员条件,他失去了进入足球俱乐部的资格。
 
5. Some observers fret that, Chinese consumers, burdened by rising debt, have started opting for cheaper goods.
A.一些观察员担心,中国消费者面对日益加重的债务负担,开始选择更加便宜的商品。
B.有些观察员认为,中国消费者在债务重压下已经开始选择更便宜的商品了,这让他们感到害怕。
C.有些观察者感到害怕,在债务重压下,中国消费者已经开始选择更便宜的货物了。
D.有些观察者认为,在债务重压下,中国消费者已经开始选择更便宜的货物了,他们为此十分担心。
【解析】本题考查句子翻译。Fret的英文释义为to be worried or unhappy and not able to relax,也就是担心、忧虑的意思。Chinese consumers后面burdened by rising debt为插入语成分,用于描述中国消费者所面临的状况或当前的处境,即中国消费者承受着日益加重的债务负担,具体措辞可根据上下文来定。B、C、D选项均未表达出rising,也就是债务负担不断加重的意思。其次,goods既可以解释为商品,也可以解释为货物。区别在于,商品通常是针对消费者而言,而货物则通常针对生产和供应链中的各方,例如生产商、供销商等。在考查译文好坏时,除了考虑语义是否准确、信息有无遗漏、词汇搭配是否合适之外,还要考虑句子是否简洁明了。“观察员(者)认为……他们对此十分担心”这样的表达显得拖沓冗余,不如A选项文字简练。因此,在做这类题时,不仅要从细节把关,排除错误选项,也要考虑到整体文字风格,找出最佳选项。
 
6. 要记住,工作面试时,你同样也在面试这家公司。
A.Remember, when you’re interviewing for a job, you’re also interviewing with the company.
B.Remember, when you are interviewed for a job with a company, you are also interviewing that company.
C.Remember, your job interview, you are also in the interview the company.
D.Keep in mind that when you are interviewing for a job, you are also interviewing for that company.
【解析】
本题考查句子翻译。工作面试为interview somebody,表示to ask someone questions in a formal meeting in order to find out if they are suitable for a job。当somebody做主语时,这里应该为be interviewed,应排除A、D选项,C选项的句子结构并不完整,因此选择B选项更加合理。本题还要注意interview与介词的搭配,interview for后面跟的通常是某项工作或某个职位。
 
02完形填空
题干为1篇英文文章,共15空。要求考生基于词汇、语法知识以及对上下文的理解,从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。
(节选)Of the four ancient civilizations in the world, the Chinese civilization has the longest ______ (1) history. One important reason for this is that China has used the same language as the ______ (2) of its
culture. The first emperor of the Qing Dynasty brought different states ______ (3) a centralized China with the same language system. It is worth noting that he initiated the building of the terracotta army. The warriors were later ______ (4) in Xi’an, the eastern starting ______ (5) of the ancient Silk Road. Lishan Mountain in Xi’an had been selected as a favored place for the emperor’s mausoleum due to its ______ (6) location.
1. A.continue B. continuous C. continued D. continuing
2. A.monument B. instrument C. cradle D. carrier
3. A.into B. within C. inside D. with
4. A.revealed B. excavated C. uncovered D. exposed
5. A.position B. venue C. point D.section
6. A.renowned B. unsung C. auspicious D. fortunate
【解析】
1.本题考查单词用法。空白处前面是形容词longest,后面是名词history,由此判断空白处应该填入一个形容词,与longest共同修饰history,因此排除A选项。B、C和D选项中的continuous,continued和continuing均可作形容词使用,需要辨析三者之间的差异。continued和continuing意思相近,均表示ongoing, existing as before(持续进行的、已经存在的),continuous的意思是happening/being without interruption, without space(连续不断的,没有中断的)。结合常识,我们可以判断这句要表达的意思是,在世界四大古文明中,中华文明是历史最悠久、未曾中断的文明。因此答案为B。
2.本题考查词汇搭配。该句的大意为“其中一个重要原因是,中国一直使用同一种语言作为文化的_______。”monument意为“纪念碑”;instrument意为“工具;乐器”;cradle意为“摇篮,发源地”;carrier意为“载体”。根据上下文,D选项所组成的“文化载体”更符合整句话要表达的含义,因此选D。
3.本题考查固定搭配。bring somebody/something into something的意思是to cause someone or something to be in a particular situation(使某人/某物进入某种特定状态)。本句要表达的意思是秦始皇将原本一盘散沙的大小邦国变成了一个中央集权国家,因此选择A选项。
4.本题考查词义辨析。reveal意为“揭示;透露”,excavate意为“发掘,挖出(古建筑或古物)”,uncover意为“揭露,揭发”,expose意为“曝光,使显露”,一般使用被动“be exposed to”(暴露于……),因此选项B正确,意为“之后这些兵马俑在西安被挖掘出来。”
5.本题考查词汇搭配。在The warriors were later ______ (4) in Xi’an, the eastern starting ______ (5) of the ancient Silk Road这个句子当中,the eastern starting ______ (5) of the ancient Silk Road作为同位语成分,用来补充说明西安的地理位置。starting point为固定搭配,表示起点,因此本句的意思是西安是古丝绸之路东端的起点。其他选项position意味“位置”、venue意为“地点”,section意为“部分;段”,均不符合原文含义。
6.本题考查词义辨析和搭配。本句大意为“骊山位于西安,因其______地理位置,一直是皇帝陵墓的首选之地”,由此判断空白处应该填一个感情色彩积极的形容词。renowned意为“著名的”,unsung意为“被埋没的,未被颂扬的”,auspicious和fortunate为近义词,不过fortunate表示coming by good luck or favorable chance也就是“幸运的”,而auspicious表示showing signs that something is likely to be successful in the future(吉利的,吉兆的),因此选择C选项“祥瑞之地”符合语义。
 
03阅读理解
题干为3篇英文文章,每篇文章5题,共15题。要求考生基于对文章的理解,从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
(节选)Cultural industry is wide-ranging, covering numerous segments that are profitable on their own and have the potential to generate countlessderivative niches. Suppose MGM plans to establish aventure in China to shoot a Hollywood film, it can count more on Chinese businesses for diverse support. MGM may look to Chinese partners for costume orders and rental, peripheral product marketing, and even box lunch supply around their movie studios. All these are exciting opportunities available to Chinese businesses. It is said that members of several cabaret (卡巴莱) show performing troupes are trying to learn English, and some dancing academies now offer courses on ballroom dance to accommodate the needs of dancers and future patrons. These are examples to illustrate how small businesses can identify the needs of big ones and figure out ways to meet them so that they can grow and expand before being taken over.
 
1. The underlined phrase derivative niches could be replaced by ______.
A. unexpected chances
B. auxiliary positions
C. additional opportunities
D. reproduced fortune
2. Which stakeholder is NOT mentioned if MGM makes a blockbuster in China?
A. Companies producing clothes worn by actors.
B. People sponsoring ballroom dance.
C. Small businesses serving box lunches.
D. Peripheral land owners with reduced rent.
【解析】
1. C词义/语义题。本题要求从四个选项中选择一个,替换划线部分,因此该选项不仅要与划线部分语义相近,而且能与上下文衔接自然。derivative意为“衍生的”,niche意为“合适的位置;(产品的)商机”,因此选择C项,additional opportunities。
2. D细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文段第三句及之后的内容,点出了如果米高梅在中国拍摄大片,其利益相关者有哪些。例如,MGM may look to Chinese partners for costume orders and rental, peripheral product marketing, and even box lunch supply around their movie studios.还有It is said that...and some dancing academies now offer courses on ballroom dance to accommodate the needs of dancers and future patrons.将该题四个选项与这三个利益相关者逐一对比后可以发现,D不在其列,故为正确答案。
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