2023大英赛重点语法备考已经更新很多期了,同学们可以参考本站相应文章。之后还会有一些易错语法整理,而后接着是听力、阅读、完型等技巧分享,大家可以持续关注本站!今天,就来讲一讲重点语法的主谓一致!
【主谓一致】
1)单独的不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
例句:Schooling is a specific,formalized process.
学校教育是一种具体的、正规化的过程。
例句:To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die.
死后仍活在人们心中的人,虽死犹生。
例句:What the world really needs is more love and less paper work.
这个世界真正需要的是多一点爱心,少一些表面工作。
如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数。
例句:To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是好习惯。
例句:To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.
工作和说是两件不同的事情,但它们永远相伴。
2)不定代词one、every、each、everybody、everyone、one of、no one、nothing、nobody、someone、somebody、either、neither、many a等作主语或修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
例句:Many astudent takes a walk on campus after dinner.
许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。
例句:Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra curriculum activities.
所有的男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。
3)表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数
例句:One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore.
《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多的神秘的民间传说。
例句:The United States attracts many brilliant young men all over the world every year.
美国每年吸引许多来自世界各地的优秀青年。
例句:The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
4)a portion of、a series of、a kind of、the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例句:A whole series of accidents has happened on this stretch of road recently.
近来这个路段发生了一连串事故。
例句:The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.
近来一些书籍里印刷错误之多让人吃惊得要死。
例句:Asubstantial portion of the reports is missing.
这些报告都没有涉及问题的实质。
例句:A kind of herb in the forest smells very pleasant.
这片森林里有一种药草香气宜人。
5)由some、several、both、few、many、a number of等词修饰可数名词作主语,或是由它们自身表示可数名词作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数,但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念,动词须用单数
例句:On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun.
在海边,有些人在打排球,有些人躺着晒太阳。
例句:Both of us like Shakespeare s works very much.
我们俩都很喜欢莎士比亚的作品。
例句:A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China.
许多即将毕业的学生志愿去中国西部工作。
例句:Truth and honesty is the best policy.
真诚为上策。
例句:A smile and handshake show welcome.
微笑和握手表示欢迎。
例句:Bread and butter is healthful good.
涂油黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。
例句:The poet and writer has produced many books.
这个是人兼作家写出了很多作品。
And所连接的表示同一概念的短语有:
A horse and cart 马车
A knife and fork 刀叉
A cup and saucer 茶盘
A watch and chain 手表
Bread and butter 涂有黄油的面包
The poet and the writer则表示“诗人和作家”两个人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而“the poet and writer”则表示“诗人兼作家”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
6)a lot of、most of、any of、half of、three fifths of、eighty percent of、some of、none of、the rest of、all of等后接不可数名词或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数
例句:A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.
昨天突然断电时,那家商店被偷了许多钱。
例句:Some of books about investment fund have been published recently.
最近出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。
例句:Many people present at the meeting were from the US,many from the UK and the rest were from China.
出席这次会议的很多人来自美国和英国,其他的来自中国。
例句:A friend walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
别人都走开的时候,朋友仍与你在一起。
例句:The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.
讲座的前半部分很生动,剩下的部分却非常枯燥。
例句:Part of his story was not true.
他的故事有一部分不是真的。
例句:Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada.
我们学校的部分外教来自加拿大。
7)以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式
例句:The straits of Gibraltar haven t lost their strategical importance.
直布罗陀海峡尚未丧失其战略上的重要地位。
例句:The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China.
喜马拉雅山脉沿中印边境延伸。
8)量词修饰由对应两部分组成的名词
①一些由两个部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers、pants、glasses、scissors等作主语时,前面若无a pair of、a suit of、a set of、a series of等这类的单位词,通常用作复数,谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
例句:This pair of shoes is very expensive.
这双鞋很贵。
例句:My blue trousers have worn out.
我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。
例句:The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made.
这两把剪刀都是杭州制造的。
例句:Two pieces of good news have been published in today s evening paper.
今天的晚报报道了两条好消息。
②特殊量词修饰普通名词
含有pile、mountain、row、mass、cup、basket、box、pack、packet、parcel等词修饰的短语作主语,谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。
例句:Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way,but polluted the air as well.
成堆的垃圾不仅挡住了人的路,而且污染了空气。
例句:A row of willows is lined on one side of the river.
一排柳树长在河的一岸。
例句:Masses of work are to be done to welcome the New Year.
为了迎接新年,我们还有很多工作要做。
例句:A packet of letters needs mailing.
一包信需要寄出。
主谓一致的第一部分如上,请同学们结合例句复习。可以根据整理的内容绘制思维导图,方便记忆!
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