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DAY2 

定语从句

PART A

关系代词

PART B关系副词

 

一、定语从句

定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫做先行词；

引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它的作用：

①是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用；

②是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

 

二、【关系代词的用法】

(1) 作主语用 who, which 和 that,  如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.

(2) 作宾语用 whom, who, which, that,  如：The man (whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?

(3) 作定语用 whose,  如：He is the man whose car was stolen last week.It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.

注意：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语 。 whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与 of which/of whom结构互换，词序是：

whose+名词=the +n +of which/of whom=of which/of whom + the + n.

如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.

=They came to a house,the back wall of which had broken down.

=They came to a house,of which the back wall had broken down.

 

This is the scientist,whose achievements are well known.

=This is the scientist,the achievements of whom are well known.  =This is the scientist,of whom the achievements are well known.

 

(4) 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.

【经典例题】During the long holiday a great number of tourists visited the Disneyland Park inHong Kong, _____, as is often the case, was well crowded with people of all ages.

A. which                B. where             C. that            D. as

【答案】A 。解析：考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句为 was well crowded with people of all ages.修饰的 是 Disneyland Park ，在从句中作主语，故选 A。

 

三、【关系副词的用法】

(1) when  指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year.

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?

Each time he came, he did his best to help us.

But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.

 

(2) where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country如：This is the hotel where they are staying.

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.

This is the place (where) we met yesterday.

 

(3) why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.That is the real reason he quitted.

*  使用关系副词应注意下列几点：

(1) 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which 结构：

when = on (in, at, during…) + which;

where = in (at, on…) + which;

why = for which. 

 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.

The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.

This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.

 

(2) 当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果 缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用 which 或that,  缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where 

试比 较：I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.

His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.

His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.

 

(3) when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而 why  只能引导限制 性定语从句。

【经典例题】

As Hillary Clinton has said,the United States and China have entered such a situation ___ they have to cross the river in the same boat.

A. which          B. why         C. where           D. when

【答案】C 。解析：考查定语从句中的关系词。situation 是先行词，表示抽象地点，放在从句中表示在这种情况下，即 in the situation ，故选 C 。其他类似的词还有：case ，condition ，stage 等。

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